The Internet Journal of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine
ISSN: 1092-4051
Editor in Chief
Joseph L. Nates MD MBA-HCA FCCM
Professor, Deputy Chair, ICU Medical Director
Department of Critical Care The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Professor, Deputy Chair, ICU Medical Director
Department of Critical Care The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Associate Editor
Dr. Olivier C. Wenker MD,DEAA
Professor of Anesthesiology / Director of Technology Discovery
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care / Office of Translational Research
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston TX USAAdjunct Professor for Health Informatics
School for Health Information Sciences
The University of Texas
Houston TX USA
Professor of Anesthesiology / Director of Technology Discovery
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care / Office of Translational Research
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston TX USAAdjunct Professor for Health Informatics
School for Health Information Sciences
The University of Texas
Houston TX USA
Assistant Editor
Rudolph Puana MD
Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Nursing Critical Care
Susannah Kish M.S.N., R.N., CCRN, CPAN
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Emmy Miller RN, PhD
Assistant Professor
Research Division
Department of Neurosurgery
University of Texas-Houston
Assistant Professor
Research Division
Department of Neurosurgery
University of Texas-Houston
Louise E. Niggemeyer R.N., B.ed.St, M.R., C.N.A.
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Trauma ICU
Alfred Hospital-Monash University
Melbourne Victoria Australia
Clinical Nurse Specialist
Trauma ICU
Alfred Hospital-Monash University
Melbourne Victoria Australia
M. Terese Verklan PhD, CCNS, RNC
Associate Professor; Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist
Systems and Technology
School of Nursing
Houston Texas USA
Associate Professor; Neonatal Clinical Nurse Specialist
Systems and Technology
School of Nursing
Houston Texas USA
Anne W. Wojner MSN, RN, CCRN, CNS, Ph.D(c)
Assistant Professor
School of Nursing
The University of Texas-Houston
Houston Texas USA
Assistant Professor
School of Nursing
The University of Texas-Houston
Houston Texas USA
Editorial Board
Madhu Ramaswamy MD
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine;George Washington University Medical Center
Attending physician, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church , VA
Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine;George Washington University Medical Center
Attending physician, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church , VA
Emergency Medicine
Robert E. Fromm Jr. M.D., M.P.H.
Associate Professor of Medicine
Emergency Medicine, Biostatistics
Department of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston Texas USADirector
Dept. of Emergency Services
The Methodist Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Associate Professor of Medicine
Emergency Medicine, Biostatistics
Department of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston Texas USADirector
Dept. of Emergency Services
The Methodist Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Stephen R. Hayden MD
Co-Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program
University of California, San Diego Medical Center
San Diego California USA
Co-Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program
University of California, San Diego Medical Center
San Diego California USA
Brent King M.D.
Associate Professor and Chair
Emergency Medicine Services
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
University of Texas Medical School-Houston
Associate Professor and Chair
Emergency Medicine Services
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
University of Texas Medical School-Houston
Joseph P. Ornato M.D., FACC
Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine; Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)
MCV Hospitals
Richmond Virginia USA
Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine; Professor of Medicine (Cardiology)
MCV Hospitals
Richmond Virginia USA
George L. Sternbach M.D., F.A.C.E.P.
Ethics in Emergency Medicine and Critical Care
Arthur H. Combs M.D., FCCP
Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit
Allegheny University Hospital - MCP Division
Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
Director, Medical Intensive Care Unit
Allegheny University Hospital - MCP Division
Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
General Critical Care
Steven J. Allen M.D., FCCP
Professor and Medical Director
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
Anesthesiology-University of Texas, Houston
Houston Texas USA
Professor and Medical Director
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
Anesthesiology-University of Texas, Houston
Houston Texas USA
Antonio Anzueto M.D., FCCP
Assistant Professor of Medicine; Chief, Pulmonary Function Test Laboratory
University of Texas Health Science Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Antonio Texas USA
Assistant Professor of Medicine; Chief, Pulmonary Function Test Laboratory
University of Texas Health Science Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Antonio Texas USA
Al Davies MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston Texas USADirector
Medical Intensive Care Unit
The Methodist Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Associate Professor of Medicine
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston Texas USADirector
Medical Intensive Care Unit
The Methodist Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Stacy Davis M.D.
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville Tennessee USA
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville Tennessee USA
Michael Frass MD
Professor of Medicine; Head, Intensive Care Unit
Department of Internal Medicine I
University of Vienna
Vienna Austria
Professor of Medicine; Head, Intensive Care Unit
Department of Internal Medicine I
University of Vienna
Vienna Austria
Antonio O. Gallesio MD
Chief of the Adult Intensive Care Unit Service; Director of the Intensive Care Residence Program of the Hospital Italiano of Bs As.; Member of the WFSICCM Board
Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Argentina
Chief of the Adult Intensive Care Unit Service; Director of the Intensive Care Residence Program of the Hospital Italiano of Bs As.; Member of the WFSICCM Board
Hospital Italiano of Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires Argentina
Gabriel M. Gurman M.D.
Professor of Anesthesiology/CCM; Chairman Division of Anesthesiology
Director of Critical Care Department
Soroka Medical Center
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel
Professor of Anesthesiology/CCM; Chairman Division of Anesthesiology
Director of Critical Care Department
Soroka Medical Center
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Israel
Steve Kesten MD, FCCP
Associate Professor of Medicine
Rush Medical CollegeMedical Director
Advanced Lung Disease & Lung Transplant Program
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center
Chicago Illinois USA
Associate Professor of Medicine
Rush Medical CollegeMedical Director
Advanced Lung Disease & Lung Transplant Program
Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center
Chicago Illinois USA
Steven M. Koch MD, FCCP
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine
The University of Texas at Houston
Houston Texas USA
Associate Professor
Department of Anesthesiology and Internal Medicine
The University of Texas at Houston
Houston Texas USA
Bruce Krieger M.D., FACP, FCCP
Professor of Medicine
University of Miami School of MedicineChief, Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Miami Beach Florida USA
Professor of Medicine
University of Miami School of MedicineChief, Pulmonary Intensive Care Unit
Mount Sinai Medical Center
Miami Beach Florida USA
J.R. Le Gall
Hopital Saint Louis
Melbourne AustraliaEuropean Consortium
Paris France
Hopital Saint Louis
Melbourne AustraliaEuropean Consortium
Paris France
Paul Marik MD
Director, Trauma Life Support Center
Critical Care Medicine
Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh PA USA
Director, Trauma Life Support Center
Critical Care Medicine
Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh PA USA
Peter Morley MBBS, FRACP, FANZCA, FFICANZCA
Intensive Care
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Melbourne Victoria Australia
Intensive Care
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Melbourne Victoria Australia
Carlos A. Olais M.D.
Associate Intensivist
Centro M?co Nacional "El F?x "Director- Intensive Care Unit
Centro de Especialidades M?cas de Sudeste
Colegio de Medicina Cr?ca y Terapia Intensiva de Yucatan.
M?da Yucatan Mexico
Associate Intensivist
Centro M?co Nacional "El F?x "Director- Intensive Care Unit
Centro de Especialidades M?cas de Sudeste
Colegio de Medicina Cr?ca y Terapia Intensiva de Yucatan.
M?da Yucatan Mexico
Peter J. Papadakos MD FCCP FCCM
Director Division Critical Care Medicine; Associate Professor Anesthesiology and Surgery
University of RochesterProfessor Respiratory Care
State University of NY
Genesse College
Rochester New York USA
Director Division Critical Care Medicine; Associate Professor Anesthesiology and Surgery
University of RochesterProfessor Respiratory Care
State University of NY
Genesse College
Rochester New York USA
Jeffrey J. Presneill BMBS, FRACP
Intensive Care
Royal Melbourne Hospital
Intensive Care
Royal Melbourne Hospital
John Rex M.D., FACP
Associate Professor; Medical Director for Epidemiology
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
Division Infectious Diseases
University of Texas Medical School-Houston
Associate Professor; Medical Director for Epidemiology
Memorial-Hermann Hospital
Division Infectious Diseases
University of Texas Medical School-Houston
Jane E. Risdall MB BS, MA (Cantab), DA (UK), FFARCSI
Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Royal Navy UK
Consultant in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care
Royal Navy UK
Jean-Louis Vincent M.D., Ph.D., FCCM
Professor of Intensive Care
Head, Dept of Intensive Care
Erasme University Hospital
Free University of Brussels
Brussels Belgium
Professor of Intensive Care
Head, Dept of Intensive Care
Erasme University Hospital
Free University of Brussels
Brussels Belgium
Karlman Wasserman MD, PhD
Professor of Medicine
Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Physiology and Medicine
University of California School of Medicine
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance California USA
Professor of Medicine
Division of Respiratory and Critical Care, Physiology and Medicine
University of California School of Medicine
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center
Torrance California USA
Max Weinmann MBBS,MD,FRACP,DipHBM
Dept. Of Anesthesiology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston MA USA
Dept. Of Anesthesiology
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston MA USA
Hyperbaric Medicine
Caroline Fife MD
Associate Professor; Director Hyperbaric Services
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas-Houston Medical School
Associate Professor; Director Hyperbaric Services
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas-Houston Medical School
Lindell Weaver MD, F.A.C.P., F.C.C.P.
Medical Director, Hyperbaric Medicine; Medical Co-Director, Shock,Trauma, Intermountain, Respiratory ICU
LDS HospitalAssociate Professor Of Medicine
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City UT USA
Medical Director, Hyperbaric Medicine; Medical Co-Director, Shock,Trauma, Intermountain, Respiratory ICU
LDS HospitalAssociate Professor Of Medicine
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City UT USA
Informatics and Critical Care
Alex Avidan M.D.
Department of Anesthesiology
Hadassah Hebrew University IsraelWebmaster
The Israel Society of Anesthesiologists Israel
Department of Anesthesiology
Hadassah Hebrew University IsraelWebmaster
The Israel Society of Anesthesiologists Israel
Allan Tonnesen MD
Director Informatics
Memorial-Hermann HospitalProfessor and Vice-Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas-Houston
Director Informatics
Memorial-Hermann HospitalProfessor and Vice-Chairman
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas-Houston
Neurological Critical Care
Marc Malkoff MD
Associate Professor
Neurology and Anesthesiology
Department of Neurology
University of Texas-Houston Medical School
Houston Texas USA
Associate Professor
Neurology and Anesthesiology
Department of Neurology
University of Texas-Houston Medical School
Houston Texas USA
Nutrition in ICU
Caroline Ghanbari RD, CSM, LD
Clinical Dietitian Specialist
Customer Service Department
Operational Support Services Division
Memorial Hermann Hospital
Clinical Dietitian Specialist
Customer Service Department
Operational Support Services Division
Memorial Hermann Hospital
Pamela Roberts M.D.
Assistant Professor
Bowman-Gray Medical Center
Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
Assistant Professor
Bowman-Gray Medical Center
Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
Pediatric Critical Care
Natan Noviski MD
Chief
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston Massachusetts USA
Chief
Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
Massachusetts General Hospital
Harvard Medical School
Boston Massachusetts USA
Fernando Stein MD
Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Professor of Pediatrics
Baylor College of Medicine
Texas Children's Hospital
Houston Texas USA
Trauma and Surgical Critical Care
Peter B. Angood M.D., F.C.C.M., F.A.C.S.
Director
Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Yale-New Haven HospitalAssistant Professor of Surgery
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven Connecticut USA
Director
Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Yale-New Haven HospitalAssistant Professor of Surgery
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven Connecticut USA
James Cooper BMBS, M.D., FRACP, FANZCA, FFICANZCA
Director Trauma Intensive Care Unit
The Alfred Hospital
Melbourne Australia
Director Trauma Intensive Care Unit
The Alfred Hospital
Melbourne Australia
David W. Crippen M.D., FCCM
Director, Surgical Critical Care Services
St. Francis Medical Center
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
Director, Surgical Critical Care Services
St. Francis Medical Center
Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
Coraddo P. Marini MD, FACS
Associate Professor of Surgery; Director ICU and General Surgery Residency Program
Northshore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York New York USA
Associate Professor of Surgery; Director ICU and General Surgery Residency Program
Northshore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
New York New York USA
Frederick A. Moore MD, FCCM
Professor and Vice Chairman
Depart. of Surgery
University of Texas Medical School
Houston Texas USA
Professor and Vice Chairman
Depart. of Surgery
University of Texas Medical School
Houston Texas USA
Patrick M. Reilly MD
Assistant Professor, Trauma & Surgical Critical Care
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
Assistant Professor, Trauma & Surgical Critical Care
University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
Thomas V. Taylor M.D.
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Andrew Dawson M.D.
Dept. of Clinical Toxicology
Newcastle Mater Hospital Australia
Dept. of Clinical Toxicology
Newcastle Mater Hospital Australia
Tami N. Radtke Pharm.D.
Clinical Practice Specialist
Critical Care
Division of Pharmacy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Clinical Practice Specialist
Critical Care
Division of Pharmacy The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Critical Care Research
Andrew Shaw BSc, MBBS, FRCA
Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine
Associate Medical Director ICU; Director, Critical Care Research Laboratory
Department of Critical Care Medicine
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA
Assistant Professor of Critical Care Medicine
Associate Medical Director ICU; Director, Critical Care Research Laboratory
Department of Critical Care Medicine
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston Texas USA