Abstract

At present the success of spine surgery is dependent to a large extent on the usage of synthetic biomaterials. In our institute different types of ceramics that underwent extensive experimental and clinic approbation are used. The goal of the study is to analyze results of experimental and clinic works aimed at usage of ceramic materials in spine surgery. Different types of ceramics were studied in animals and in cell culture (hystologic and cytologic studies). The types were corundum, leucosapphire, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, biphase ceramics (hydroxylpatite and tricalcium phosphate in various ratios), hydroxyapatite alloyed by silver, ceramics saturated with cytostatics and antibiotics. Based on the experimental studies on animals, mathematical modeling using the method of finite elements and biomechanical researches the conception was elaborated to implement the differentiated approach to the usage of grafts made of different types of ceramic materials in mini-invasive surgery of cervical and lumbar spine parts. Ceramic grafts of special form made of corundum and lamellar ceramics were developed to reconstruct vertebral interbody support. Granules of porous hydroxyapatite of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric structure with open-end pores of different diameter are used for filling in bone cavities. Hydroxyapatite alloyed by silver was successfully used for replacement of infected bone cavities. Results of spine surgeries carried out with the usage of ceramic grafts were analyzed. Prospect of their further usage in spine surgery was identified.